Unit-4 Window-Fundamental of computer | BBA

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Unit-4

Window

Introduction to windows 98

• Windows 98 was an operating system released by Microsoft back in 1998. It was a big deal at the time because it introduced a lot of new features and improvements compared to its predecessor, Windows 95. It had a more user-friendly interface, better support for hardware, and improved stability. Plus, it introduced the concept of the Start menu, which became a staple in Windows for years to come. Windows 98 also brought us USB support, which made it easier to connect and use devices like printers and cameras. And let’s not forget about Internet Explorer 4, which was bundled with Windows 98 and helped popularize the web browsing experience. Overall, Windows 98 was a significant step forward in the world of personal computing. It may be a bit outdated now, but it paved the way for the modern Windows operating systems we use today. Hope that gives you a good starting point.

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Features of MS- Windows

• Windows is a popular operating system developed by Microsoft that has evolved over the years with various versions and updates.
• One of the key features of Windows is its user-friendly interface. It provides a graphical user interface (GUI) that allows users to interact with their computer using icons, windows, and menus. This makes it easy to navigate and perform tasks on your computer.
• Another important feature of Windows is its multitasking capability. You can run multiple programs simultaneously, switching between them seamlessly. This allows you to be more productive and efficient in your work or entertainment.
• Windows also offers a wide range of software compatibility. It supports a vast number of applications, including productivity tools, multimedia software, games, and more. This gives users the flexibility to choose from a variety of software options based on their needs and preferences.
• The Windows Start menu is another notable feature. It provides quick access to various programs, files, and settings on your computer. You can easily launch applications, search for files, and customize the Start menu to suit your preferences.
• File management is made easy with Windows Explorer. It allows you to browse and organize your files and folders in a hierarchical structure. You can copy, move, delete, and rename files with just a few clicks. Windows also offers a powerful search feature that helps you find files and folders quickly.
• Windows provides robust security features to protect your computer and data. It includes built-in antivirus and firewall protection to safeguard against malware and unauthorized access. Windows also offers regular updates to address security vulnerabilities and improve system performance.
• It offers various options to make the operating system more accessible for individuals with disabilities. Features like screen readers, magnifiers, and keyboard shortcuts enable people with visual or physical impairments to use Windows effectively.
• Windows also supports networking capabilities, allowing you to connect your computer to the internet or a local network. You can browse the web, send emails, share files, and access remote resources with ease.
• Microsoft Office integration is another notable feature. Windows seamlessly integrates with Microsoft Office applications like Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, making it easy to create, edit, and share documents.
• Windows also offers customization options to personalize your desktop. You can change the wallpaper, theme, colors, and fonts to suit your style and preferences. Additionally, you can add gadgets and widgets to your desktop for quick access to information like weather updates, news, and more.

Wikipedia- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window

Area of Application

1. Personal Use: Windows is widely used by individuals for personal computing tasks such as web browsing, email, document creation, multimedia consumption, and gaming.
2. Business and Productivity: Windows is extensively used in the business world for tasks like word processing, spreadsheet management, presentations, email communication, project management, and collaboration.
3. Education: Windows is utilized in educational institutions for teaching and learning purposes. It provides access to educational software, online resources, and tools for creating and managing educational content.
4. Creative and Design: Windows offers a platform for creative professionals, such as graphic designers, video editors, animators, and architects, to use specialized software for their work. Applications like Adobe Creative Suite, AutoCAD, and 3D modeling software are commonly used on Windows.
5. Gaming: Windows is a popular choice for gaming enthusiasts due to its extensive library of games and compatibility with gaming hardware. It supports a wide range of game genres and platforms, including PC gaming, Xbox integration, and virtual reality experiences.
6. Government and Public Services: Windows is utilized by government agencies and public service organizations for administrative tasks, data management, public service delivery, and security purposes.
7. Healthcare: Windows is used in healthcare settings for electronic medical record management, medical imaging, patient monitoring systems, and administrative tasks.
8. Retail and Hospitality: Windows is employed in retail and hospitality sectors for point-of-sale systems, inventory management, customer relationship management, and other business operations.
9. Financial Services: Windows is utilized in banking, insurance, and financial institutions for tasks like online banking, financial analysis, trading platforms, and risk management.
10. Research and Development: Windows is used in research and development environments for data analysis, simulation, modeling, and scientific computing.

Structure Information

1. Windows Versions:

• Windows 3.1
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Windows ME
• Windows NT
• Windows 2000
• Windows XP
• Windows Vista
• Windows 7
• Windows 8
• Windows 8.1
• Windows 10

2. User Interface:

• Start Menu: Provides access to programs, files, and settings.
• Taskbar: Displays open programs and allows quick switching between them.
• Desktop: Space for organizing files, folders, and shortcuts.
• Windows Explorer: File management tool for browsing and organizing files.

3. Multitasking:

• Ability to run multiple programs simultaneously.
• Task View: Allows switching between virtual desktops and open programs.
• Snap Assist: Enables easy window management by snapping windows to different positions on the screen.

4. Software Compatibility:

• Supports a wide range of software applications, including productivity tools, creative software, games, and more.
• Microsoft Store: Provides a platform for downloading and installing apps from various categories.

5. Security Features:

• Windows Defender: Built-in antivirus and malware protection.
• Windows Firewall: Protects against unauthorized access.
• Windows Hello: Biometric authentication using facial recognition or fingerprint scanning.
• BitLocker: Encrypts data on the hard drive for enhanced security.

6. Accessibility:

• Ease of Access Center: Offers various accessibility features for individuals with disabilities, such as visual impairments, hearing impairments, and mobility challenges.
• Narrator: Screen reader for visually impaired users.
• Magnifier: Enlarges on-screen content for better visibility.
• Speech Recognition: Allows control of the computer through voice commands.

7. Networking:

• Internet Connectivity: Supports wired and wireless connections for internet access.
• HomeGroup: Simplifies sharing files, printers, and media between devices on a local network.
• Remote Desktop: Enables accessing a computer remotely from another device.

8. Integration with Microsoft Office:

• Seamless integration with Microsoft Office applications like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook.
• OneDrive: Cloud storage for easy access and sharing of files across devices

9. Customization Options:

• Personalize the desktop with wallpapers, themes, colors, and sounds.
• Taskbar and Start Menu customization.
• Desktop Gadgets

System environment

1. Operating System:

• The operating system (OS) is the software that manages computer hardware and software resources.
• Examples of popular operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Android.

2. Hardware Components:

• Central Processing Unit (CPU): The brain of the computer that executes instructions and performs calculations.
• Random Access Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and instructions that the CPU needs to access quickly.
• Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid-State Drive (SSD): Permanent storage for data and software.
• Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): Handles graphics-related tasks and accelerates image and video processing.
• Motherboard: Connects all the hardware components and provides communication between them.
• Power Supply Unit (PSU): Supplies power to the computer components.
• Input and Output Devices: Examples include keyboards, mice, monitors, printers, and speakers.

3. Software Environment:

• Applications: Software programs that perform specific tasks, such as word processing, web browsing, or gaming.
• Drivers: Software that enables communication between the operating system and hardware devices.
• Libraries: Collections of pre-written code that provide common functions and features to applications.
• APIs (Application Programming Interfaces): Interfaces that allow different software components to interact with each other.

4. Network Environment:

• Local Area Network (LAN): A network that connects devices within a limited area, such as a home or office.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): A network that connects devices over a larger geographical area, such as the internet.
• Routers: Devices that connect multiple networks and direct network traffic.
• Modems: Devices that convert digital signals from a computer into analog signals for transmission over telephone lines or cable connections.

5. System Configuration:

• BIOS (Basic Input/Output System): Firmware that initializes hardware components during startup.
• UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface): Modern replacement for BIOS with additional features and security.
• System Settings: Configurable options for customizing the behavior and appearance of the operating system.
• File Systems: Structures for organizing and storing data on storage devices, such as FAT32, NTFS, or ext4.

6. Virtualization:

• Virtual Machines (VMs): Emulated computer systems running on a physical host machine.
• Hypervisors: Software that enables the creation and management of virtual machines.

MS- Window

1. History:

• Windows was first introduced in 1985 as a graphical extension of MS-DOS, an earlier operating system.
• Over the years, Microsoft released several versions, including Windows 95, Windows XP, Windows 7, Windows 8, and the latest version, Windows 10.

2. Features:

• User Interface: Windows provides a visually appealing interface with icons, a taskbar, and a Start menu for easy access to applications and files.
• File Management: Windows Explorer allows users to navigate and organize files and folders on their computer.
• Multitasking: Windows supports multitasking, allowing users to run multiple applications simultaneously.
• Device Compatibility: Windows is compatible with a wide range of hardware devices, including printers, scanners, and cameras.
• Software Applications: Windows supports a vast library of software applications, including productivity tools, games, and multimedia software.
• Security: Windows includes built-in security features like Windows Defender to protect against malware and viruses.

3. Windows 10:

• Windows 10 is the latest version of Windows, released in 2015.
• It introduced a new Start menu that combines elements from previous versions, including live tiles for quick access to information.
• Cortana, a virtual assistant, is integrated into Windows 10, allowing users to perform tasks using voice commands.
• Windows 10 also introduced the Microsoft Store, where users can download and install applications.

4. Editions:

• Windows 10 comes in different editions, including Home, Pro, Enterprise, and Education, each with varying features and capabilities.
• Windows 10 Home is designed for home users, while Windows 10 Pro includes additional features for business and power users.

5. Updates and Support:

• Microsoft regularly releases updates for Windows to introduce new features, improve security, and fix bugs.
• Windows 10 users receive regular updates, ensuring they have the latest enhancements.
• Microsoft provides technical support for Windows through its website, forums, and customer service channels.

Elements of windows operating systems

1. Start Menu: The Start menu is a central hub in Windows that allows you to access your favorite apps, settings, and files. It’s located at the bottom left corner of the screen.
2. Taskbar: The taskbar is a bar that runs along the bottom of the screen. It displays open apps, system icons, and the Start button. You can easily switch between apps and access common functions like volume control and notifications.
3. File Explorer: File Explorer is a file management tool in Windows that lets you navigate through your files and folders. You can copy, move, delete, and organize your files using File Explorer.
4. Desktop: The desktop is the main screen area where you can place shortcuts to your frequently used files, folders, and applications. You can also customize the desktop background and arrange icons as per your preference.
5. Control Panel: The Control Panel is a centralized location for managing various system settings and configurations. You can customize display settings, manage devices, set up user accounts, and more through the Control Panel.
6. Windows Store: The Windows Store is an online marketplace where you can download and install a wide range of apps, games, and entertainment content. You can access the Windows Store from the Start menu.
7. Task Manager: The Task Manager provides an overview of running processes, performance statistics, and system resource usage. It allows you to monitor and manage applications, end unresponsive tasks, and troubleshoot performance issues.
8. Notifications: Windows displays notifications on the bottom right corner of the screen to keep you informed about updates, messages, and other important events. You can customize notification settings to control what you receive.
9. Cortana: Cortana is a virtual assistant built into Windows that can help you find information, set reminders, perform searches, and more. You can interact with Cortana using voice commands or type in your queries.
10. Security Features: Windows includes various security features to protect your computer from threats. This includes Windows Defender, a built-in antivirus program, firewall settings, and regular security updates.

MS-Word

• Microsoft Word is a powerful word processing program developed by Microsoft. It is part of the Microsoft Office suite, which includes other productivity applications like Excel and PowerPoint. MS Word is widely used for creating, editing, and formatting documents such as letters, reports, resumes, and more.
• When you open Microsoft Word, you’re greeted with a blank document, ready for your creative input. The user interface is designed to be intuitive and user-friendly, with a ribbon menu at the top containing various tabs, such as Home, Insert, Page Layout, References, and more. These tabs provide access to a wide range of tools and features to enhance your document creation process.
• You can type and format text in MS Word just like any other word processing software. You can change font styles, sizes, and colors, apply bold, italic, or underline formatting, and adjust paragraph alignment. MS Word also offers a plethora of pre-designed templates to help you get started quickly with documents like resumes, flyers, and newsletters.
• One of the key features of MS Word is its ability to handle large documents with ease. You can create multiple sections, add headers and footers, insert page numbers, and even create a table of contents. This makes it ideal for creating lengthy reports, research papers, or manuscripts.
• You can share your documents with others, allowing them to view, comment, or edit the document simultaneously. This real-time collaboration feature is great for team projects or when you need input from others.
• The built-in spelling and grammar checker helps you catch errors and suggest corrections. You can also utilize the Thesaurus feature to find synonyms and enhance your writing. Additionally, Word allows you to track changes made by different users, making it easy to review and accept or reject edits.
• You can create professional-looking documents by adjusting margins, adding page borders, inserting images, charts, and tables. Word also provides various styles and themes to give your document a consistent and polished appearance.
• Tables and charts can be easily created and customized in MS Word. You can input data, apply formatting, and even perform calculations within tables. Charts can be generated from your data, making it easy to visualize information in a graphical format.

Features of MS- Word

1. Formatting Tools: MS Word offers a wide range of formatting options to make your document visually appealing. You can change font styles, sizes, colors, and apply various text effects.
2. Templates: MS Word provides pre-designed templates for different types of documents, such as resumes, letters, reports, and more. These templates can save you time and give your documents a professional look.
3. Collaboration: You can collaborate with others on a document in real-time. Multiple users can edit the same document simultaneously, making it easy to work on group projects or receive feedback.
4. Spelling and Grammar Checker: MS Word has a built-in spelling and grammar checker that helps you catch errors and suggest corrections. It underlines potential mistakes and offers suggestions to improve your writing.
5. Track Changes: This feature allows you to track and review changes made by different users. You can accept or reject changes, add comments, and have a clear record of the editing process.
6. Tables and Charts: MS Word enables you to create tables and charts to organize and present data. You can customize their appearance, add formulas to tables, and generate different types of charts.
7. Page Layout: With MS Word, you can easily adjust page margins, orientation, and size. You can also add headers, footers, page numbers, and control the overall layout of your document.
8. Images and Graphics: You can insert images, shapes, and other graphical elements into your document. MS Word provides tools for resizing, cropping, and arranging these elements to enhance your document’s visual appeal.
9. References and Citations: MS Word has features to help you manage references and citations. You can create a bibliography, insert citations, and choose from different citation styles like APA, MLA, or Chicago.
10. Mail Merge: This feature allows you to create personalized documents, such as letters or envelopes, by merging data from a spreadsheet or database into your Word document.