UNIT -3 Ecosystem Environmental studies BCA 1st year 2023

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UNIT-3

ECOSYSTEM

• An ecosystem is a structure and functional unit of ecology where the living organism interact with each other.
• IN other words, and ecosystem is a Chain of interactions between organism and their environment.
• An ecosystem is a structural and functional unit of ecology where the living organism interact with each other and the surrounding environment.
• An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as a biotic factors, or nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms
• An ecosystem is a community of living thing interacting with non-living of the environment.

Components of ecosystem

• Biotic component (living thing)
• A biotic Component (non-living thing)

1. Biotic component

• Biotic component are the living things that have a direct or indirect influence on other organisms in an environment.
• The living components which are present in the ecosystem are referred to as biotic components. Some of the biotic factors include plants, animals, fungi as well as bacteria. Based on the energy requirement source these biotic components can be further classified into producers, consumers and decomposers that are considered as the three broad factors of biotic components.
• For example- Plants, animals, and microorganisms and their waste materials.

2. A biotic Component

• An a biotic factor is a non-living part of an ecosystem that shapes its environment. In a terrestrial ecosystems.
• A biotic factors are the chemical or physical factors that act on the living organisms as part of their living or life. They are also referred to as ecological factors. The physical and the chemical factors form the abiotic component of an ecosystem and are the characteristics of the environment, light, air, soil, nutrients etc. Generally, the a biotic factors of the ecosystem vary from one ecosystem to the other. Water pH sunlight turbidity salinity e-water death available nutrients and dissolved oxygen are some of the a biotic factors that are included in the aquatic ecosystem. Similarly, soil type rain wind temperature altitude sunlight and nutrients are some of the factors that are essential in terrestrial ecosystems.
• Example Light and water.

Function of ecosystem

• It maintains a balance among the various tropics levels in the ecosystem.
• The a biotic components help in the synthesis of organic component that involve the exchange of energy

Food chain

• A food chain refers to a linear sequence of organisms showing how energy or nutrient flows through an ecosystem when one organism consumes another for its survival. It provides information about which species eats which other species in nature. Typically, a food chain is represented by a diagram where arrows show the direction of energy and nutrients flow.
• A food chain is always straight
• In a food chain there is unidirectional flow of energy.
• A food chain is a single unit.
• A food chain refers to the order of events in an ecosystem, where one living organism eats another organism and later that organism is consumed by another organism.

Food Web

• It is a network of food chain which become interconnected at various Trophic levels
• Food web is a collection of several inter connected food chains
• Removal of one group of organism does not disturb the food web.
• A food web is a detailed interconnecting diagram that shows the overall food relationships between organisms in a particular environment. It can be described as a “who eats whom” diagram that shows the complex feeding relationships for a particular ecosystem.

Pond

• An inland body of standing water that is smaller than a lake. Natural ponds form in small depressions and are usually shallow enough to support rooted vegetation across most or all of their areas.
• A pond is much smaller in size
• A Pond is not deep
• Pond present in villages
• Ponds are used for irriation purpose

Lake

• Types of lakes, such as those created by glaciers, craters, and man
• A lake is larger in size
• A lake is much deeper lakes are large bodies of water, but there many different types. Discover the characteristics that differentiate lakes from other bodies of water, how lakes form, and the different
• A lake is not a part of any river
• The sun ays do not reach under the lake.

Forest ecosystem

• A forest ecosystem is a unique ecology, including a very nice community of flora and fauna. When we heard “forest,” the primary thing that comes to our mind is trees. An area covered with trees making various canopy layers is commonly known as a forest ecosystem
• A forest ecosystem is an ecosystem of forests and resources.
• Forest are renewable natural resources
• Forest are formed by a group of plants
• Soil, animals, insects, birds and microorganisms ate the most important interacting unit of a forest ecosystem

Types of ecosystem

• Tropical evergreen rainforest
• Temperate evergreen forest Boreal

Functions

• goods obtained from forest
• Ecological functions
• Social benefits
• Cultural benefits