Unit-1 Introduction to Data Structure | BCA 2nd Year

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UNIT-1

Introduction to data structure and its characteristics array

Data Structure

• Data structure is representation of the logical relationship existing between individual elements of data.
• Data structure is the way of organizing data items Data Structure mainly specify the following four things-

1. Organisation of data
2. Accessing method
3. Degree of associatibility
4. Processing alternatives for information.
   

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Operation of data 

1. Insertion
2. Deletion
3. Updation
4. Selection
   

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Other operations

1. Searching
2. Sorting
3. Merging

Classification of data structure

 Array 

• Array forms an important part.

1. Arrays are always stored in sequential memory locations.
2. An array can store multiple values. Which can be referenced by a single name unlike a simple variable which stores one value at a time.
3. Array name is actually a pointer. The first location of the memory block is allocated to the name of the array.
4. An array can be either a character in integer or be of frosting data type, it can be initialized only during declaration time and not later.

Types of array:-

• one dimensional dimension array
• 2- two arrays
• 3- Multidimensional Array

1. One Dimensional X-ray :- Initialization – data-type variable-name (expression);

Ex- int ex [10]

Char word [‘H’ ‘E’ ‘L’ ‘L’ ‘O’ ‘/0’];

Accessing One-dimensional array

O read a value

scanf (“%d”,&[3]);

2. Two- dimensional array- Two- dimensional array is of two types- row major and column major

Initialization of 2-D array

Ex- int a[2][2];

Triangular matrix

• Upper Triangular matrix

• Lower triangular matrix
• A square matrix, all of whose elements above principal diagonal are zero, is called a lower triangular matrix.

Sparse matrix

• In numerical analysis, a sparse matrix in which most of the elements are.

Tridiagonal Matrix

• Matrix that has non-zero element on the main diagonal