Natural Resources Environmental Studies Unit 2 First Semester 2023

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UNIT 2

Natural resources

• These are the resources that are found in the environment and are developed without the human.
• Common examples of natural resources include air, water, soil, stone, plants, animals, and fossil fuels.

Five most important natural resources

1. Air
2. Water
3. Soil
4. Iron
5. Forest

Air

• A mixture of gases and particles each with their own properties.
• Nitrogen and Oxygen make up 99% of the volume of air.
• Clean Air is important for Human, Animal, to survive on this planet.
• The mixture of gases that surrounds the earth and that people, animals and plants breathe.
• The space around and above things
• To put clothes, etc. in a worm place or outside in the fresh air to make sure they are completely dry; to become dry in this way
• To make a room, etc… Fresh by letting air into it; to become fresh in this way
• It’s a mixture of different gases. The air in Earth’s atmosphere is made up of approximately 78 percent nitrogen and 21 percent oxygen. Air also has small amounts of lots of other gases, too, such as carbon dioxide, neon, and hydrogen.

Water

• The clear liquid that falls as rain and is in rivers, seas and lakes
• A large amount of water, especially the water in a lake, river or sea
• Water is made of tiny molecules of hydrogen and oxygen.
• Each one is so small that you can’t see it even with the most powerful microscope.
• Pure water has no colour, no taste and doesn’t smell of anything.
• Water in three forms on the Earth:
• Solid (ice, hail, snow or frost)
• Liquid (in lakes, oceans, rain, dew, fog or mist)
• Gas (steam or water vapour- “invisible” water in the air),

Soil

• Soil is the thin layer at material on the Earth’s surface. It is a natural resource consisting of weathered and organic materials, air and water. As it is the medium in which plants establish themselves and grow, the most widely recognized function of soil is its support for food production. Soil provides nutrients and water that are absorbed through plant roots and contribute to the regulation of water and atmospheric gases and therefore play an important role in climate regulation.
• Soli is a combination of four main components:
• Minerals- this a combination of clay, silt and sand.
• Gases- these fill the space between the soil.
• Water- held within the spaces in the soil.
• Organic matter- the remains of animals and plants which are being broken down into humus.

Iron

• Iron found as minerals and is used to build strong weapon and building.

Forest

• The word forest is derived from the Latin word Foris meaning –outside the village boundary. It refers to large tracts of land covered by trees, shrubs, herbs and grasses, which also support a wide variety of life. Forests can be broadly grouped into three categories: tropical, temperate and coniferous. All the three types support different kinds of flora and fauna as they thrive in different climatic conditions.

Types of natural resources

• Renewable resources
• Non-renewable resources

Renewable resources

• A Resources that can be used repeatedly and does not run out because it is naturally replaced. Such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and biomass energy.

Non- renewable resources

• Non-renewable resources for which there is a limited supply, resources that can be used up, such as oil, coal, and natural gas,

Water Resources

• Three-fourth of the earth surface is covered with water but only a small proportion of it accounts for fresh water, that can be put to use.
• Water is the most important constituent of living organism.
• It is widely used as solvent, for irrigation, navigation, industrial use, electricity production, domestic use etc.
• 3% is sot water and rest is fresh water

Management of water resources

• No wastage of water
• Public awareness needed for optimum use of water.
• Need for management of sea water because of oil.
• Stop wastage of water from leaking stops.

Forest Resources

• Forest constitute 90% of the global biomass.
• Forest can provides food, fibre, edible oil and drugs.
• Forest is important source of development of dams
• Forest provide row material for industry
• All these activities directly and indirectly involve forests.
• About 22.7% of total land area of India in occupied by forest

Forest

• Forest is a source of life for the plants and animals that live in it.
• The forest is a big part of the ecosystem in this world
• They can be found all over the world

Importance of forest

• Reduction of noise
• Reduction of pollution
• Regulars mineral
• Act as picnic resorts, sports, hiking, trekking etc.

Mineral Resources

• Minerals are natural substance of organic or inorganic with define chemical and physical properties.
• The term mineral resources refers to a wide range of materials obtained from earth.
• Minerals come from earth crust
• Minerals resources are the key material basis for economic development
• Mineral is the natural subsistence mind from the earth.
• Mineral include organic and inorganic substance obtain from the earth
• Ex- Petrol, Copper, Iron etc.

Categories of mineral resources

• Non-metallic [Energy sources , Non- Energy sources]
• Metallic – [ferrous, Non-ferrous]
• Energy generating minerals

Characteristics of mineral resources.

• Unequally distribution
• Inverse relationship b/w quality and quantity.
• It take very long ting to replenished
• Need to conserve
• Limited

Uses of mineral

• Jewelers
• Ayurvedic medicines
• Alloy formation
• War weapons
• Transport purposes
• Communication purposes
• Construction purposes (like- wire, cable, iron)

Dams

• A dam is a barriers that stops the flow of water and underground streams.

Advantages of Dams

• It assists in controlling the floods.
• It makes
  

  Disaster

• hydroelectric power generation possible.
• It protects the erosion of soil.

Disadvantages of Dams

• In case of earthquake Jolt the dam may be crack.

Natural source of disaster.

• Earthquakes
• Floods
• Land slides
• High winds
• Cold waves
• Heat waves

Man made source

• War
• Battles
• Terrorism
• Rail and Road accidents