Best Unit-3 | Principle of Management | BCA-1st semester

Principle of Management | BCA-1st semester -Welcome to our BCA 1 Sem journey, where we delve deep into the pivotal Unit 3 – Planning Principle of Management. In this comprehensive tutorial, we’ll unlock the secrets behind this critical subject, helping you excel in your BCA 1 Sem studies.

Unit – 3

Planning

• Planning is a major and primary function of management
• It means pre-thinking for determining a course of action to achieve some desired result
• Planning decides the future
• Planning is deciding in advance what to do when to do , how to do when to do planning bridges to go .It is one of the basic managerial functions. Planning involves setting objectives and developing appropriate courses of action to achieve these objectives.

Characteristics of Planning

• Simplicity
• Precision
• Forecasting
• Primary function
• Flexibility
• Continuity

Importance of planning

• Planning provides directions
• Planning reduces the risk of uncertainty
• Planning reduces wasteful activities
• Planning is the key of success
• Planning is a function of every managers
• As a managerial function planning is important for the reason

1. Providing basis of decision
2. Focusing attention on objectives
3. Securing economy
4. Helping in coordination

• Planning facilities decision making
  

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Features of planning

• Planning focuses on achieving objective
• Planning is primary function of management
• Planning is pervasive
• Planning in continuous
• Planning is mental exercise

Limitation of planning

• Planning leads to rigidity
• Planning may not work is dynamic environment
• Planning reduces creativity
• Planning is a time consuming

Elements of Planning

• Objectives
• Rules
• Projects
• Forecasting
• Procedures
• Policies
• Strategy

Principle of planning

• Principles of commitment
• Principles of limiting factor
• Principles of flexibility
• Principles of timing
• Principles of innovation

Advantages of planning

• Planning improves employee’s moral
• Planning helps in achieving economies.
• Planning encourages innovations

Planning process

1. Setting objective

• Specify the objectives that the organization wants to achieve
• Objectives have to percolate down to each unit and employs at all level so that they understand how their actions would contribution towards achieving objective
• Manager must contribute Ideas and participate in objective setting process
• Ex- setting sales target , new product launch etc.

2. Developing premise

• Planning is a future oriented activity and the future is uncertain therefore the managers are requited to make certain assumptions while drafting plans for the organization
• These assumption about the future are called premises these are these are the base material upon which plans are drown
• Accuracy of forecast is necessary for successful plans.

3. Identifying alternative courses f action

• Once objective are set, assumptions are and there alternative course of action determined
• Managers must identify all alternatives course action for achieving the objective of the organization

4. Evaluation alternative course of action

• The next step is to evaluate the pres and cons of each and every alternative course of acting
• Positive and negative aspect of each proposal is to evaluated keeping in view the objectives to be achieved

5. Selecting the Best alternative

• The best plan from all the alternative is selected and implemented
• The ideal plain is most profitable and with least negative consequences
• Implementing the planning
• In this step the selected best plan is implemented and putting plan in to action
• Managers start organizing and assembling resource for implementing the planning
• Ex – is there is a planning to increase production this more labor , more machinery will be required.

Forecasting

• Forecasting is an important tool for making decisions
• Forecasting is needed for planning process because it devises the future course of action
• It helps the managers in the following ways

Basis of planning

• Promoting of organization
• Success in organization

Steps in forecasting

• Developing the basis
• Future operations
• Regulation of forecast
• Review of the forecast process